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Integrative taxonomy of the Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae) species complex from a phylogeographic perspective
Journal Article
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Medina-Villarreal A, GonzĂĄlez-Astorga J, los Monteros AED. 2025. Integrative taxonomy of the Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. (Zamiaceae) species complex from a phylogeographic perspective. Plant Species Biology
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https://doi.org/10.1111/1442-1984.70008.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in research on Ceratozamia cycads, which has resulted in a significant increase in our understanding of their diversity. However, species complexes that have been tackled through integrative methodologies have shown a bias toward morphology over genealogy. Thus, there arises the necessity to reâevaluate the Ceratozamia mexicana species complex at the interâpopulation level using phylogeographic tools. For this purpose, we have employed an integrative taxonomy protocol. This protocol delineates species as testable hypotheses, incorporating lines of evidence within a reproducible and falsifiable framework. The evaluated data encompassed (i) phylogenetic analyses, (ii) multivariate morphometric analyses, and (iii) climatic niche analyses. Out of the 196 individuals from 13 studied populations, seven monophyletic groups were recovered. These groups were substantiated by multivariate morphometric analysis, revealing significant differences, and were further validated by niche divergence. These results underscore a âwhole agreementâ across the three disciplines, thus providing robust support for acknowledging the species as distinct lineages. The species delimited by these lineages, encompassing phylogenetic, morphological, and environmental factors, correspond to C. brevifrons, C. delucana, C. decumbens, C. mexicana, C. morettii, C. tenuis, and a novel cryptic species, sister to the latter. Finally, this genealogical characterization will offer utility in the future for uncovering the genetic identity of the holotype of the type species within the Ceratozamia genus.
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